Class 10 History Lesson 2 Historiography: Indian Tradition | Exercise & Question Answers | Maharashtra Board
2. Historiography : Indian Tradition
ЁЯУЪ Before Starting the Exercise
In this lesson, we have studied the Indian tradition of historiography and the contribution of various Indian historians. The following exercise contains important questions and answers based on the lesson. These answers are written in simple and easy language to help Class 10 students understand the concepts and prepare effectively for the Maharashtra Board SSC examination.
Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) …….. was the first Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India.
(a) Alexander Cunningham
(b) William Jones
(c) John Marshall
(d) Friedrich Max Muller
Answer: (a) Alexander Cunningham
(2) ………… translated the Sanskrit text of ‘Hitopadesh’ in German language.
(a) James Mill
(b) Friedrich Max Muller
(c) Mountstuart Elphinstone
(d) Sir John Marshall
Answer: (b) Friedrich Max Muller
Q.1. (B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) ‘Who were the Shudras’ – Subaltern History
(2) ‘Stri-Purush Tulana’ – Feminist writing
(3) ‘The Indian War of Independence 1857’ – Marxist History
(4) Grant Duff – Colonial History
Answer: (3) ‘The Indian War of Independence 1857’ – Marxist History
Correct pair: ‘The Indian War of Independence 1857’ – Nationalist History.
Q. 2. Explain the following with its reason.
A). Writing of the regional history received a momentum.
Answer:
Nationalist historiography is one of the schools of historiography which includes all those historical writings which are related to India’s war of independence and the related events. These are the writings of Indian historians who wrote about the nationalistic movements held in different parts of India. This led to the emergence of regional history describing a particular state or city. Example – The nationalistic writings of Maharashtra were written by various historians who discussed in detail the struggle of the people of Maharashtra against British rule.
B). Bakhar is an important type of historical document.
Answer:
Bakhar is a historical document of the medieval period. It is important because it contains information about the history of kings, battles, great men, historical events and many more. It is considered to be a part of Marathi literature and is of various types. Examples – Sabhasad Bakhar, Panipatachi Bakhar, etc.
Q. 3. Answer the following in 25–30 words.
A. Which things are included in the descriptions by Emperor Babur in his autobiography?
Answer:
Emperor Babur wrote his autobiography titled ‘Tuzuk-i-Babari’, in which he described the battles he fought and the customs, traditions and local economy of various cities and regions he visited.
B. What is the contribution of Svatantryaveer Savarkar to nationalistic historiography?
Answer:
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, also known as ‘Svatantryaveer Savarkar’, contributed greatly to nationalistic historiography. He wrote about the struggle of Indians against British rule in different regions. Because of his writings, historians started giving importance to the history of South India and other regions.
Q. 4. A. Write detailed answers to the following questions:
What is Marxist History?
Answer:
Marxist History is a school of historiography which studies the effects of social events and their importance in society. Marxist writings focus on the means and modes of production and industrial relations. In India, Marxist historians mainly studied the caste system and the changes that took place in it. Indian scholars who adopted the Marxist method of writing history include Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Ram Sharan Sharma and S. A. Dange. Comrade Dange wrote the book ‘Primitive Communism to Slavery’, which follows the Marxist method of writing history.
Q. 4. B. Write detailed answers to the following questions:
What is the contribution of Itihasacharya V. K. Rajwade to historiography?
Answer:
Itihasacharya V. K. Rajwade wrote history on various topics in Marathi. He also compiled, edited and wrote many scholarly works. He contributed to historiography in the following ways:
(i) He suggested that an individual should write his own history.
(ii) According to him, history should include all aspects of past human societies.
(iii) He believed that history should be collected from various sources which are authentic and reliable.
Q. 5. (a) Complete the following chart.
| Historian | Book |
|---|---|
| James Mill | The History of British India |
| James Grant Duff | History of the Mahrattas |
| Mountstuart Elphinstone | The History of India |
| S. A. Dange | Primitive Communism to Slavery |
| Dr. B. R. Ambedkar | Who were the Shudras |
Q. 5. (b)Complete the following concept map.
| Given | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ziauddin Barani | Tarikh-i-Firozshahi |
| Baburnama | Descriptions of the battles fought by Babur |
| Sabhasad Bakhar | The reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj |
| Rajatarangini | History of Kashmir |
| Kalhana | Rajatarangini |
Q. 6. Explain the following concepts.
A. Orientalist Historiography
Answer:
Orientalist historiography includes the views of European scholars who showed interest in the civilisations and countries of the East. They respected and studied their history. Their main focus was on Sanskrit literature, Vedic culture and traditions. They found similarities between Sanskrit and European languages. This helped them to believe that Sanskrit was the ancient language and the mother of many Indo-European languages. Friedrich Max Muller was a notable Orientalist who showed great interest in Sanskrit literature and translated the Sanskrit text ‘Hitopadesh’.
B. Nationalistic Historiography
Answer:
Nationalistic historiography is a school of historiography that includes historical writings related to India’s War of Independence and its related events. Indian historians wrote about the nationalistic movements in different parts of India. They wanted to reveal the ancient history and the golden era of India. They opposed the biased writings of British scholars about ancient Indian history. Some notable scholars of nationalistic historiography are Mahadev Govind Ranade, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Radha Kumud Mukherjee.
C. Subaltern History
Answer:
The term ‘subaltern’ means the bottommost ranks of society. Antonio Gramsci believed that the history of the bottommost sections of society should also be included. Thus, the Subaltern School of historiography came into existence. It became an important academic school after Ranajit Guha included this concept in his writings. Earlier, scholars like Mahatma Phule had also given importance to the lower sections of society. The terms ‘Shudras’ and ‘Atishudras’ were used for these sections. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar also wrote about them in his books ‘Who Were the Shudras?’ and ‘The Untouchables’.
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